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Abbreviations
Biblical Books
| Gen | Genesis | Matt | Matthew |
| Exod | Exodus | Mark | Mark |
| Lev | Leviticus | Luke | Luke |
| Num | Numbers | John | John |
| Deut | Deuteronomy | Acts | Acts |
| Josh | Joshua | Rom | Romans |
| Judg | Judges | 1–2 Cor | 1–2 Corinthians |
| Ruth | Ruth | Gal | Galatians |
| 1–2 Sam | 1–2 Samuel | Eph | Ephesians |
| 1–2 Kgs | 1–2 Kings | Phil | Philippians |
| 1–2 Chr | 1–2 Chronicles | Col | Colossians |
| Ezra | Ezra | 1–2 Thess | 1–2 Thessalonians |
| Neh | Nehemiah | 1–2 Tim | 1–2 Timothy |
| Esth | Esther | Titus | Titus |
| Job | Job | Phlm | Philemon |
| Ps/ | Psalm/ | Heb | Hebrews |
| Prov | Proverbs | Jas | James |
| Eccl | Ecclesiastes | 1–2 Pet | 1–2 Peter |
| Song | Song of Solomon | 1–2–3 John | 1–2–3 John |
| Isa | Isaiah | Jude | Jude |
| Jer | Jeremiah | Rev | Revelation |
| Lam | Lamentations | ||
| Ezek | Ezekiel | ||
| Dan | Daniel | ||
| Hos | Hosea | ||
| Joel | Joel | ||
| Amos | Amos | ||
| Obad | Obadiah | ||
| Jonah | Jonah | ||
| Mic | Micah | ||
| Nah | Nahum | ||
| Hab | Habakkuk | ||
| Zeph | Zephaniah | ||
| Hag | Haggai | ||
| Zech | Zechariah | ||
| Mal | Malachi |
Other Ancient and Early Jewish and Christian Sources
| 1QpHab | 1 Qumran pesher Habakkuk |
| 1 Macc | 1 Maccabees |
| Ephrem the Syrian | |
Hymns on Virginity | Ephrem the Syrian, Hymns, translated by Kathleen E. McVey, 259–468. New York: Paulist Press, 1989. |
Homily on Our Lord | St. Ephrem the Syrian. Selected Prose Works: Commentary on Genesis, Commentary on Exodus, Homily on Our Lord, Letter to Publius. Translated by Edward G. Mathews Jr. and Joseph P. Amar, ed. Kathleen McVey, 273–337, The Fathers of the Church 91. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1994. |
| Eusebius | |
Eccl. Hist. | Ecclesiastical History |
Life | Life of Constantine |
| Gen Rab | Midrash, Genesis Rabbah |
| Irenaeus, Heresies | Irenaeus, Against Heresies |
| Itinerarium Egeriae | Itinerari Egeriae sive, titulo prisco notati, Peregrinationis Aetheriae pars prior. Edited by Clifford Weber. Bryn Mawr Latin Commentaries. Bryn Mawr: Bryn Mawr College, 1994. |
| Josephus | |
Ag. Ap. | Against Apion |
Ant. | Antiquities of the Jews |
War | Jewish War |
| Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews and Wars of the Jews, in The New Complete Works of Josephus, ed. Paul L. Maier, trans. William Whiston, revised edition. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel, 1999. | |
| Justin, Dial. | Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho |
| Philo | |
Embassy | On the Embassy to Gaius |
Spec. Laws | On the Special Laws |
| Philo. The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged. Translated by C. D. Yonge. New updated edition. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1993. |
Mishnah, Talmud, and Related Literature | |
| b. B. Bat. | Babylonian Talmud, tractate Baba Batra |
| b. Ber. | Babylonian Talmud, tractate Berakot |
| b. Mak. | Babylonian Talmud, tractate Makkot |
| b. Sanh. | Babylonian Talmud, tractate Sanhedrin |
| b. Å ²¹²ú²ú. | Babylonian Talmud, tractate Å ²¹²ú²úat |
| m. ±Ê±ð²õ²¹á¸¥. | Mishnah, tractate ±Ê±ð²õ²¹á¸¥im |
| m. Yebam. | Mishnah, tractate Yebamot |
| t. ²Ñ±ð²Ô²¹á¸¥. | Tosefta, tractate ²Ñ±ð²Ô²¹á¸¥ot |
| y. Å ²¹²ú²ú. | Jerusalem Talmud, tractate Å ²¹²ú²úat |
Scholarly References and Other Resources | |
| BDAG | Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Edited by Frederick William Danker. Translated by William F. Arndt, F. Wilbur Gingrich, and F. W. Danker. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2000. |
| BDB | Brown, Francis., S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1906. Repr. 2017. |
| BDF | F. Blass and A. Debrunner. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Edited and translated by Robert W. Funk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. |
| EDNT | Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. Edited by Horst Balz and Gerhard Schneider. 3 vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1990–93. |
| NA28 | Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece. Edited by Barbara and Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce Metzger. 28th edition. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012. |
Notes, bibliography, and other abbreviations formatted according to The SBL Handbook of Style: For Biblical Studies and Related Disciplines, 2nd edition. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2014.
